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The religious components of Enlightenment thought.

Aug 16, 2010, Vol. 15, No. 45 • By DAVID KLINGHOFFER
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The Hebrew Republic

Go to the Sources

Charlton Heston in ‘The Ten Commandments’ (1956)

Photo Credit: Getty

Jewish Sources and
the Transformation of European Political Thought
by Eric Nelson
Harvard, 240 pp., $27.95


Created Equal

How the Bible Broke with Ancient Political Thought
by Joshua A. Berman
Oxford, 264 pp., $39.95

In the longstanding, periodically eruptive political fight over whether the United States is historically a “Christian nation,” the hotspot was recently the state board of education in Texas, where a group of Christian activists on the board has amended education standards to emphasize the Christian motivations of our country’s Founders. This could affect the way textbooks are written not only in Texas but, given the state’s size and influence, in many other states as well. The prospect of a generation of students growing up to think there’s something inherently Christian about America has secularists feeling anxious.

The issue turns, in part, on whether as men of the Enlightenment, the Founders were more likely to be wary of religion’s influence on government than friendly to it. In a long essay in the New York Times Magazine on the Texas situation, Russell Shorto summarizes, “In fact, the Founders were rooted in Christianity—they were inheritors of the entire European Christian tradition—and at the same time they were steeped in an Enlightenment rationalism that was, if not opposed to religion, determined to establish separate spheres for faith and reason.”

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